Category Archives: Engineer

Fire Awareness Training

As my department moved to the new building, I was appointed as one of fire suppressor in the floor. My responsibility for this role is to ensure the fire alarm has been turned on and to try to extinguish small fire accident so it won’t escalate when fire occurred. In order to bear such a critical responsibility, I had to be a certified fire suppressor who has received fire awareness training.

To obtain the fire suppressor certificate, I did the basic fire awareness training at Jakarta Offshore Training Center (JOTC) atDepok,Indonesia. The JOTC has been certified to give several training for oil and gas safety related operation which one of them is fire awareness training. The training was a combination of classroom session and field practice session which took almost a whole day to complete the training.

The classroom session gave a fundamental understanding on how the fire occurs, how to use basic protecting equipment in extinguishing a fire incident and lastly how to extinguish a fire depending on their type. The classroom session was really interesting because it makes me understand how to do best practices in surviving fire incident and why there are many types of fire extinguisher on market.

After completing the classroom session, come the practice session which was very fun and “hot”. Fun because I could apply my basic fire fighting theory obtained in the class room. Hot because it did involve real fire to be extinguished. The practice session was opened by introduction to fire extinguisher tool which were the CO2 type, Chemical powder type, and foam type. Those three extinguishers had different suitability in extinguishing a fire. In addition, the function of fire blanket and its practical use was also introduced in this session. After the introduction, the class participants were given the chance to try each type of fire extinguisher one by one.

A very important message on using a pressurized type Fire Extinguisher (FirEx) was learned that day. Anytime a pressurized type FirEx is used, the tube should be directed outward direction from user’s body. The simple explanation is that CO2, powder and foam FirEx are based on pressurized vessel which the weakest point is the neck between edge of tube and its connection to nozzle hose. Without proper maintenance, this weakest point can break off from its tube and thrusting its hose connection towards the FirEx user. This is very dangerous and can impose a very fatal injury which would lead to fatality as what was happened somewhere in an oil rig inIndonesia.

After all practice on fire extinguisher completed, the training was closed by practice in using emergency breathing device. Class participants were taught to use the device and did simulation on escaping a building full of smoke (although there was not any smoke used during the simulation, the room environment was kept dark so the sensation was almost the same – told the instructor). A class evaluation test was conducted and finally the day was ended by me receiving the fire awareness training certificate.

Offshore Platform – at a Glance

Offshore platform has been used in oil and gas industry as early as 1930 in Venezuela. The first offshore platform was made by wood material. The steel type platform was then used in 1947 in a 6 m depth of water in the Gulf of Mexico. Since that period, various types of offshore platform has been developed and used as main offshore facility in oil and gas industry. Offshore platform can be used in many ways. A full offshore oil and gas facility can have many platforms such as quarters platform, wellhead platform, process platform, compressor platform, etc.

Type of structure and the support configuration of offshore platform are in consideration with depth and difficulties in erecting the platform. Therefore, there are many types of offshore platform. Based on the type of structure, offshore platform can be divided as :

  • Concrete gravity platform
  • Fixed steel platform
  • Semi submersible platform
  • Tension leg platform
  • Guyed tower platform
A ‘Statfjord’ gravity based structure under construction in Norway.
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1, 2) conventional fixed platforms; 3) compliant tower; 4, 5) vertically moored tension leg and mini-tension leg platform; 6) Spar ; 7,8) Semi-submersibles ; 9) Floating production, storage, and offloading facility; 10) sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility.
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In addition to that classification, depending on the number of legs & jacket type, fixed offshore platform can be divided into :

  • Monopod platform
  • Bipod platform
  • Tripod platform
  • 4, 6, or 8 pile platform

A common offshore platform is consisted of platform deck, jacket, and pile. Deck is the place where all production equipments are placed. Jacket is a tubular steel structure that serves as a lateral load support for the platform while pile serves as a vertical load support. For come cases, jacket is not used because the lateral load of platform is neglect able.

In a common Offshore platform, deck, jacket, and pile are fabricated onshore. The first stage of platform erection is transporting the jacket and putting it in the designated place. After the jacket is fixed in the right place, pile is driven via the jacket hollow tube to the sea bed. Finally, the deck part is placed and connected at the top of support structure.

For safety and ergonomic reasons, platform layout should be carefully designed. Platform north should be facing to deeper water. This north part is also used as the area for jack up drilling rig and foundations spud can or mat. The south side platform is used for boat berthing, pipeline riser and subsea pipeline. Layout of platform should also be designed by considering drilling sequence, prevailing wind, and other utility such as helipad.

Load acting on platform is vital in a platform’s design stage. In designing a platform, load can be divided to load at deck structure and load at jacket structure. In general, the working load in an offshore platform consisted of the following load.

Load at Deck structure:

  • Topside load : Deck structure, piping, equipment, life load, crane load, helicopter load, drilling work over load.
  • Lateral load : Wind and earthquake.

Load at Jacket structure:

  • Vertical load : Deck structure and buoyancy
  • Lateral load : Wind, wave, current, earthquake, and added hydrodynamic mass.

Some of applicable engineering standards for offshore platform design are:

  • API RP2A Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms
  • AISC Specifications for Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel Buildings
  • API Spec 2B, Fabricated Structural Pipes
  • AWS D 1.1, section 8 and 10
  • ISO 19902   Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Fixed Steel Offshore Structures
  • ISO 19901-2      Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Specific requirements for offshore structures Part 2 Seismic Design Procedures and Criteria

Learning Naval Architect

New project, new role.

I’ve been assigned for a month and half to escort tug construction project for LNG ship berthing.  It doesn’t have a close relation with civil engineering role but I still can apply the principal knowledge in construction management learned during my study in ITB. Actually, it is really interesting to be able to involved to this project. From project management to naval architect, my zero years of work experience really forced me to understand how the field world is going and how I can cope with it. I hope I can cope with it :)

One from four Constructed Tug Boats

View of Sunset During Boat Sea Trial